Kingdom Plantae
Cryptogams: Without seed plants There are two types in cryptogams
* Vascular :- Vascular means presence of xylem & phloem
* Non-vascular :- Non-vascular means absence of xylem & phloem.
* Vascular :-
° Pteridophyta
1 Pteridophyto are the first vascular plant in the cryptogams.
2 The first terrestrial plants.
3 Pteridophyta have a true roots, stem &
leaves
4 The group has about 400 genera and
11000 species.
5 Small leaves are called microphylls
6 large leaves are called megaphylls.
7 xylem consists of tracids
8 Phloem consists of slave
*Non-Vascular :-
There are two types of Non Vascular -
Thallophyta and Bryophyta.
*Thallophyta:-
1 Members of mostly aquatic plants
2 few grew on other plants as epiphytes
3 Thallophyta's cell wall contains Cellulose
4 Their food storage in starch
5 Reproduction takes place by asexual and sexual
6 They are unicellular and multicellular
7 Their shape is like plate shape.
8 colonic filaments.
* There are three types in Thallophyta are Follows :-
<1> Chlorophyceae :-
1 Chlorophyceae is also called as green algae
2 There are mostly plants grown in fresh water and rarely grow in marine water.
3 Plant body is unicellular.
4 The stored food is in the form of starch
5 Cell wall contains cellulose..
eg Spirogyra, chara.
<2> Phanerophyceae (Phaeophyceae):
1 Phacophyceae is also called Brown algae
2 cell wall contains cellulose.
3 The plant body is unicellular.
4 the food storage in the form of starch
5 There are mostly plants grow in marine water & rarely grow in fresh water.
eg fucus. Ectocarpus.
<3> Rhodophyceae
1 Rhodophyceae is also known as Red algae.
2 The plant body is multicellular.
3 The food stored in the form of starch.
4 These are found in marine as well as fresh water.
5 Cell wall is made up of cellulose.
6 The stored food is in the form of
Floridean starch..
eg Chondrus ChondrugGelidium
* Bryophyta :-
1 Bryophyta are mostly terrestrial plants.
2 They need water for Fertilization. 3 Bryophyta have root-like structure called Rhizoid.
4 Rhizoid absorbs water.
5 Bryophyto are known as "amphibicus plant"
6 life cycle of bryophyta shows sporophyte
and gamatophytic stages.
7 Bryophyto are divided into two groups.
liverworts and mosses. 52 They include 960 genera and 25000 species
8 Liverworts is unicellular and Mosses is multicellular.
Liverworts are unicellular These are lower members of Bryophyta. Plant body called thallus...
Mosses is multicellular .These are advanced members of Bryophyta. The life cycle includes two stages namely protonema and leafy.
*Phanerogams :- With seed plants
The Phanerogams is the vascular plant
There are two types in vascular :- Gymnospermae and Angiospermae
A Gymnospermae :
1> 70 genera and 1000 species in the world
2> 16 genera & 53 species in India.
3> This is flowering plant without cover by food
4> Spores one produced by microsporophyll (Male) and megasporophyll (Female)
B Angiospermae :-
1> The most advanced group of flowering plants.
2> Cover by food.
3> The essential whorls of microsporophylls (Androecium) and megasporophylls (Gynoecium)
4> The sporophyte is diploid.dominant. autotrophic and independent.
5>The gamatophytes (male or female) are haploid reduced parasitic and concealed
